Leno fabric



lF eb. 23, 1943.

' B. s. WQODWARD' LENO FABRIC Filed June 5, 1941 INV NTOR ,5y/1Z0 Si Wooward BWM ATTORNEYS Patented Feb. 23, 1943 Burton S. Woodward, Westerly,R. I., assgnor to Delite Fabrics, Inc., a corporation of Rho'de'lslandApplication June 5, 1941, Serial No. 396,666

Claims. (Cl. 13S-419W provided as the only ground warp in a dent; or, if

a group of smaller rubber warps are provided in each dent, the leno warpwill cross all of these Warps, and in so crossing the entire group ofrubber warps in the dent will bind the rubber warps together, and ineither case a relatively .-thick fabric will be produced. Also, a fabricso closely woven would not possess the porosity or openings desiredWhere the yarns used are elastic and contract when the fabric comes fromthe loom.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a leno woven elasticfabric which Will be j -thin relative to the Weight of the elastic yarnlprovided therein.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fabric which will have agreater porosity or a larger number of openings than fabrics which havebeen heretofore Woven with the same elas.

tic properties.

More specically, an object of the invention is to restrict theindividual elastic warps of a group in their contraction by the crossingof a nonelastic leno warp with the individual elastic ground warps.

With these and other objects in View, the invention consists of certainnovel features of construction, as will be more fully described, andparticularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic View showing one form of weave embodying myinvention;

Fig. 2v is a diagrammatic View showing another form of weave embodyingmy invention; and

Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate diagrammatically still vother forms of weaves,each embodying my invention.

In carrying out this invention, in order to produce-a thinner fabric Iuse a group of elastic ground warps in each dent which would together Vmake up-the same count as a single elastic Warp Yas heretofore.

`elasticground warps 'of the group, I restrictthe contraction and obtain.a lgreater porosity of ithe fabric than heretofore. The crossing leno'warp is bound in or combined with -the'ground warps at each `pick ofthe weftin .aknownmanneix The number of warps in each 4group and .theirorder of crossing by the leno Warp `at each crossing of 'Warps may varyaccording ltothe ldesign of the fabric desired. Each crossing of Warpsmay include only a single ground warp ,of the group; or, the crossingmay include pairs of ground Warps at each crossing or vmay `beany numberlessthan the Whole. However, the less number of ground Warps crossed ateach crossing of warps, the thinner the nishedfabric-.and the moresecurely locked in place are the leno warps. Referring to the drawingfor a more detailed description of the invention, in which Fig. 1illlustrates diagrammatically a fabricin stretched condition, I0designates the elastic ground Warps under tension which may consist ofcovered or uncovered rubber strands or like substance which havesufficient inherent elasticity to rbe stretchable and returnable tonormal position. These elastic ground warps are arranged two in agroupor in one dent of the reed designated A andoperate with a non-elasticleno or crossing warp I I also in the same dent of the reed. The wefts,designated generally I2, with which the warps interlace, may be allelastic or non-elastic or a combination of both and are here shown asconsisting of an elastic weft I3 and non-elastic weft I4, alternating ateach pick or in groups of two picks. However, this particular order maybe varied to suit the particular result desired In the fabric diagram ofFig. l the leno or crossing warp I I operatedby its-doup-crossestheelastic warp I Ei for three picks and the other elastic warp I6 ofthe group I5, I6 is raised to oat across the Wefts Which lock with thecompanion warp of the group. For the successive three picks the leno orcrossing Warp II is operated to cross the other elastic warp I6 ofthe-group I5, I6 and the now free elastic warp I5 is raised to floatacross the Wefts which lock with the companion vwarp of the group. Forthe next successive threerpicks the leno Warp I-I is again crossed orcombined with the ground elastic warp I5 and the now free ground Warp I6is floated across the such wefts This completes a repeat yof the design.It will be apparent that in this arrangement the non-elastic leno orcrossing warp isv interlocked with each individual elastic warp of thegroup with which it isassociated, whichlprovides a rm tying of the lenowarp in the fabric.

In Fig. 2 of the drawing,the groupB of :ground warps comprises threeyelasticfthreadsI I1, I8-, and I9 in each group under tension and tofunction with a non-elastic leno warp 20 all in the same dent of thereed. As in the diagram shown in vinterwoven with the wefts. weave hereshown in the diagram is not any par- .cation of the invention.

Fig. 1, the wefts in this arrangement also consist of a non-elastic weft2I and elastic weft 22 alternating at each pick with one another tointerlace with the warps. In the arrangement of the crossing of warps inthis instance, the leno warp is first crossed back and forth for threepicks to combine with the ground warp I1; then it crosses warp I8 backand forth for two picks to combine with the ground warp I8, and thencrosses Warp I9 back and forth for three picks to combine with groundwarp I9, and then combines with the warp I8 for two picks and combineswith warp I'I for three picks for the start of another repeat of theweave.

have not been crossed by the leno thread are The ground plan of ticularplan of weave but merely one to conveniently tie the uncrossed portionof the ground warp with the Wefts.

In Figs. 3 and 4, I have shown further appli- In Fig. 3, the group C ofground warps comprises four elastic threads 23, 24, 25, and 26, with anon-elastic leno Warp 2'I all in the same reed dent. The Wefts in theinstant disclosure may also comprise an elastic weft l28 alternating ateach pick with a non-elastic weft 29. In this diagram, the leno warp isshown as beginning a repeat by rst crossing back and forth for threepicks with a single ground warp of the group, then crossing back andforth with a pair of ground warps for two picks, then a single groundwarp on the other side for three picks, and

then in the reverse order back to ground warp 23 to complete a repeat ofthe Weave.

In Fig. 4 there are three elastic ground warps 30, 3|, and 32 and onecrossing or leno warp 33 in each dent, and here the leno warp 33 crossesthe pair of ground warps and 3l for three picks and then shifts andcrosses the part of ground warps 3| and 32 for three picks, and thenshifts back to cross the pair of ground warps 30 and 3I to commenceanother repeat.

In each of the above constructions the group vof smaller warps in eachdent is spread out to cover a broader or wider area of less thicknessthan previously.

In Figs. 1 and 2, I have shown the ground warps arranged in groups andpositioned side by side. However, it may be desirable in some design offabric to combine this particular grouping and crossing of warps so thateach group of leno woven warps will be spaced from each other by warpswhich only interlace with only the wefts. ground plan of the weave maybe any suitable weave that may be combined with the particular groupingof ground elastic warps and the order of crossing with the non-elasticleno warp combined therewith.

By combining the leno warp with single or individual warps, as in Figs.1 and 2, the warps are not bunched to form a thick fabric, and theporosity of the fabric is increased. However, where the warps are ofsmall diameter, this may even be accomplished where the crossing is ofmore than one of the warps of the group.

In substituting a group of ground elastic warps of a combined countequal to a single elastic ground warp of a count of sufficient dimensionto provide a fabric having the degree of resistance to stretch desiredand crossing the individual The The portions of the warps in each groupof ground warps which ground elastic .warps with the non-elastic lenoWarp in the manner herein disclosed, I am able to produce beautiful andattractive lace-like fabric, smooth of surface, relatively thin, andhaving the required resistance to stretch desired.

I claim:

1. An elastic leno woven fabric consisting essentially of fillingthreads combined in woven relation with elastic ground warps andnon-elastic leno warps and in which a group of said elastic ground warpsare combined with a non-elastic leno warp of said leno warps and inwhich there is a crossing of more than one but less than the whole groupof the said elastic ground warps by the leno warp at each crossing ofthe warps and in which such crossing of warps occurs until all the warpsof said group have been crossed by the said leno Warp in each repeat ofweave. 2. An elastic leno woven fabric consisting essentially of fillingthreads comb-ined in woven relation with elastic ground warps andnon-elastic leno warps and in which a group of said elastic ground warpsare combined With a non-elastic leno Warp of said leno warps and inwhich there is a crossing of only a portion of said group of elasticground warps by the leno warp at each crossing of warps and in whichsuch crossing of warps occurs only in pairs and until all the warps ofthe said group of ground warps have been crossed by the said leno warpin each repeat of Weave.

3. An elastic leno Woven fabric consisting essentially of all elasticground warps divided in groups equally spaced from each other andcombined in Woven relation with filling threads and nonelastic lenowarps and in which each of said groups of elastic ground warps arecombined with one of said non-elastic leno warps, and in which there isa crossing of a number of the warps of said group less than the wholethereof by said leno Warp at each crossing of warps and in which suchcrossing of warps occurs until all of said group have been crossed bysaid leno warp in each repeat of Weave.

4. An elastic leno woven fabric consisting essentially of all elasticground warps divided in groups equally spaced from each other andcombined in Woven relation with filling threads and nonelastic lenowarps and in which each of said groups of elastic ground warps arecombined with one of said non-elastic leno warps and in which there is acrossing of only individual warps of said group of elastic ground warpsby the leno warp at each crossing of warps and in which such crossing ofwarps occurs until all of said group have been crossed by said leno warpin each repeat of weave.

5. An elastic leno woven fabric consisting essentially of all elasticground warps divided in groups equally spaced from each other andcombined in woven relation with lling threads and nonelastic leno warpsand in which each of said groups of elastic ground warps are combinedwith one of said non-elastic leno warps and in which there is a crossingof less than the total number of warps of said group of elastic groundwarps by the leno warp at each pick and in which such crossing of warpsoccurs until all of the warps of said group have been crossed by saidleno Warp for each repeat of weave.

BURTON S. WOODWARD.

